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Compare Cayman Islands (2001) - Tonga (2001)

Compare Cayman Islands (2001) z Tonga (2001)

 Cayman Islands (2001)Tonga (2001)
 Cayman IslandsTonga
Administrative divisions 8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure 0-14 years:
22.21% (male 3,807; female 4,084)

15-64 years:
69.74% (male 12,102; female 12,676)

65 years and over:
8.05% (male 1,318; female 1,540) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
40.93% (male 21,739; female 20,916)

15-64 years:
54.99% (male 28,231; female 29,082)

65 years and over:
4.08% (male 1,912; female 2,347) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables, fruit; livestock, turtle farming squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports 3 (2000 est.) 6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total:
259 sq km

land:
259 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
748 sq km

land:
718 sq km

water:
30 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC four times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Cayman Islands were colonized from Jamaica by the British during the 18th and 19th centuries. Administered by Jamaica from 1863, they remained a British dependency after 1962 when the former became independent. The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate 13.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$265.2 million

expenditures:
$248.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)
revenues:
$49 million

expenditures:
$120 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY96/97 est.)
Capital George Town Nuku'alofa
Climate tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline 160 km 419 km
Constitution 1959, revised 1972 and 1992 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Cayman Islands
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Tonga

conventional short form:
Tonga

former:
Friendly Islands
Currency Caymanian dollar (KYD) pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate 5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $70 million (1996) $62 million (1998)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Fetu'utolo TUPOU, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-5828, FAX [44] (171) 723-9074

consulate(s) general:
San Francisco
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $38.8 million (1995)
Economy - overview With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 40,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 1997, including almost 600 banks and trust companies; banking assets exceed $500 billion. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 1.2 million visitors in 1997. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita and one of the highest standards of living in the world. Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods, which contributes 30% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The industrial sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings. The country remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services.
Electricity - consumption 306.9 million kWh (1999) 32.6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 330 million kWh (1999) 35 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
The Bluff 43 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues no natural fresh water resources; drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchment deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20% Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates Caymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993) pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9885 (January 2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997), 1.2323 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Governor and President of the Executive Council Peter SMITH (since 5 May 1999)

head of government:
Kurt TIBBETTS (since November 2000)

cabinet:
Executive Council (three members appointed by the governor, four members elected by the Legislative Assembly)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor is appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)

head of government:
Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch

note:
there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports $1.5 million (1998) $8 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities turtle products, manufactured consumer goods squash, fish, vanilla beans
Exports - partners mostly US Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 July - 30 June
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP purchasing power parity - $930 million (1997 est.) purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1.4%

industry:
3.2%

services:
95.4% (1994 est.)
agriculture:
30%

industry:
10%

services:
60% (1997)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $24,500 (1997 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (1999 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 30 N, 80 30 W 20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note important location between Cuba and Central America archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways total:
406 km

paved:
304 km

unpaved:
102 km
total:
680 km

paved:
184 km

unpaved:
496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs vulnerable to drug money laundering and drug transshipment to the US and Europe -
Imports $507.6 million (1998) $69 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, manufactured goods foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate 10.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (1998) 7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation Caricom (observer), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate) ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force 19,820 (1995) 34,000 (FY96/97)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995) agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
23%

other:
69% (1993 est.)
arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
43%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
16% (1993 est.)
Languages English Tongan, English
Legal system British common law and local statutes based on English law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three appointed members and 15 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
79.03 years

male:
76.24 years

female:
81.43 years (2001 est.)
total population:
68.25 years

male:
65.83 years

female:
70.78 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
98% (1970 est.)
definition:
can read and write Tongan and/or English

total population:
98.5%

male:
98.4%

female:
98.7% (1996 est.)
Location Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Oceania
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
106 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,656,452 GRT/2,643,036 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 21, cargo 5, chemical tanker 27, container 4, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 2, Denmark 2, Finland 1, Greece 11, Norway 3, UK 3, US 3 (2000 est.)
total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches Royal Cayman Islands Police Force (RCIPF) Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday Constitution Day, first Monday in July Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality noun:
Caymanian(s)

adjective:
Caymanian
noun:
Tongan(s)

adjective:
Tongan
Natural hazards hurricanes (July to November) cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate 12.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders there are no formal political parties but the following loose groupings act as political organizations; National Team; Democratic Alliance; Team Cayman Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA]
Population 35,527 (July 2001 est.) 104,227 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.12% (2001 est.) 1.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Cayman Brac, George Town Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios 36,000 (1997) 61,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio at birth:
0.86 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.86 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
1 submarine coaxial cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 19,000 (1995) 8,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,534 (1995) 302 (1996)
Television broadcast stations NA 1 (2001)
Terrain low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate 2.04 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.1% (1997) 13.3% (FY96/97)
Waterways none none
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